Pearl oyster mariculture is an emerging industry in Sri Lanka, focused on the cultivation of pearl oysters for pearl production. With favorable coastal conditions and pristine waters, efforts are underway to establish sustainable and commercially viable pearl oyster farms. These farms employ careful site selection, appropriate husbandry techniques, and monitoring of environmental parameters. The cultivation process involves introducing juvenile oysters into designated areas and allowing them to grow on longline or raft systems, while ensuring regular cleaning and maintenance. This new venture holds significant potential for economic development, providing livelihood opportunities and contributing to the jewelry industry. Ongoing research and collaboration among stakeholders are key to further developing and optimizing pearl oyster mariculture in Sri Lanka.