NARA DATA_ESD-Benthos

Quality of the waters can be assessed by the use of physical, chemical, biological and microbiological parameters in order to provide more of information for aquatic resource management. The bio-indicator systems for surface water quality assessment started more than a century ago by Kolenati (1848) and Cohn (1853) (both quoted by Liebmann, 1962) who observed that organisms occurring in polluted water are different from those in clean water. Biological quality can be assessed by different kinds of organisms: invertebrates (benthos), diatoms, riparian and aquatic vegetationand fishes. Monitoring of biological communities is an important tool for assessing water quality to obtain clear picture about the fisheries information.